The capital and largest city of Sudan, retaken by SAF in March 2025.

Part of the Khartoum tri-city area on the west bank of the Nile.

Khartoum North, one of the three main cities in the capital area.

Agricultural heartland state south of Khartoum, scene of significant RSF advances.

Capital of Gezira state, fell to RSF in December 2023.

Western region and epicenter of some of the worst atrocities in the conflict.

Capital of South Darfur, a major population center in the Darfur conflict zone.

Capital of North Darfur, fell to the RSF late October 2025.

Capital of Central Darfur.

Capital of West Darfur and site of mass violence against Masalit communities in 2023.

Capital of East Darfur.

Major displacement camp near El Fasher, repeatedly referenced in famine and atrocity monitoring.

Red Sea port city serving as the seat of the SAF-aligned government since Khartoum fell.

Northern Sudan city on the Nile railway corridor.

Eastern Sudan city and state capital near the Eritrean border.

Eastern Sudan city and state near Ethiopia.

Northern Sudan city and capital of Northern State.

Northern Sudan city and airbase area referenced in war and regional coverage.

Southeastern state with active SPLM-N fighting and border dynamics with Ethiopia.

Central region; the Kordofan offensive is the current active front as of 2026.

Town in North Kordofan referenced in recent RSF attack reporting.

Capital of North Kordofan and a key city in the current active front.

Capital of South Kordofan and a recurring reference in the Kordofan front.

Major host country for Sudanese refugees and diaspora communities.

Major host country and transit geography for refugees from Darfur and western Sudan.

Neighboring country referenced in regional spillover and migration routes.

Neighboring country affected by refugee flows and returnee movement from Sudan.

Southern Egyptian city on a key Sudan-Egypt movement corridor.

Neighboring country in Sudan displacement and border dynamics.

Egyptian capital and major destination for Sudanese refugees and diaspora.

Eastern Chad border crossing central to Sudan refugee and aid-flow coverage.

South Sudan border area referenced in refugee and returnee coverage.